Abraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality

Abraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality Abraham Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. Abraham Maslow grew up in Brooklyn, New York, the first of seven children born to his Jewish parents who emigrated from Russia. His parents were uneducated, but they insisted that he study law. Maslow later described his early childhood as unhappy and lonely, and he spent much of his time in the library immersed in books. At first, Abraham acceded to their wishes and enrolled in the City College of New York (CCNY). However, after three semesters, he transferred to Cornell University then back to CCNY. Maslow attended City College in New York. His father hoped he would pursue law, but he went to graduate school at the†¦show more content†¦For example, in their extensive review of research that is dependent on Maslow s theory, Wabha and Bridwell (1976) found little evidence for the ranking of needs that Maslow described, or even for the existence of a definite hierarchy at all. Some have argued that Maslow was unconsciously naive about elitist elements in his theories. As one critic poses, What real individuals, living in what real societies, working at what real jobs, and earning what real income have any chance at all of becoming self-actualizers? Some behaviorists believe that self-actualization is a difficult concept for researchers to operationalize, and this in turn makes it difficult to test Maslow s theory. Even if self-actualization is a useful concept, some contend that there is no proof that every individual has this capacity or even the goal to achieve it. In 1967, Abraham Maslow was named humanist of the year by the American Humanist Association. That same year he was elected president of the American Psychological Association. Maslow played a major role in organizing both the Journal of Humanistic Psychology and the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology. In 1969, Abraham Maslow, Stanislav Grof and Anthony Sutich were the initiators behind the publication of the first issue of the Journal of Transpersonal Psychology. This outgrowth of Maslow s work, TranspersonalShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Personality Psychology1292 Words   |  6 Pages Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the differences between people’s behaviors in terms of patterns, cognitions, and emotion. Personality psychology has been around for centuries, since Hippocrates’ Four Humors. Personality psychology has taken on many forms and has continued to develop throughout the centuries. Personality psychology is also developed with and from other fields of psychology like child development, behavioral, cognitive, and few others. PersonalityRead MoreHuman Development: The Stages of Infancy1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe stage of infancy lasts from birth until approximately two years of age (Sigelman Rider, 2010). The physical development from infant to child occurs in a cephalocaudal direction: the head and upper body develop prior to the lower body (Sigelman Rider, 2010). Because of the rapid development at this stage children need to get good solid nutrition and need to be watched closely as they are often unable to coordinate their body or understand the dangers of certain situations (e.g., such as whenRead MoreEssay about Comparison and Contrast of Maslow and Murray1912 Words   |  8 PagesComparing and Contrasting Maslow and Murray’s Theories of Needs Organismic theorists Abraham Maslow and Henry Murray tried to define the psychological developmental growth of humans via their theories of Hierarchy of Needs and Psychogenic Needs, respectively. Although each personality theorist’s idea attempts to define human psychological development there are quite a few dissimilarities between the two concepts; however, as much dissimilarity that may exist between the hierarchy of needs andRead MoreThe Importance of Social Support on Health1488 Words   |  6 Pagesthen, many studies have documented the health-enhancing effects of social integration. Social support and social engagement reduce mortality risks and disability, improve disease recovery rates and promote cognitive development and function (Berkman 2000). Biological and personality endowments may also affect social relationships, but social relationships have positive effects on health that are independent of these endowments. Although studies focus on healthful effects of social relationshipsRead MoreWhat Is A Family?1845 Words   |  8 Pagestaken place as the most important thing of once life. Now Community can’t be considered be specific and limited to a small locality. Common interest oriented people share virtual or an online community which do not have any physical or geographical limitations. So now Community became a vast and unlimited numbers of members group which share common interests and feelings. Abraham Maslow A US behavioural scientist and prominent psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) have born April 1, 1908 in BrooklynRead MoreEarly and Middle Adulthood1210 Words   |  5 Pagesare vast and necessary for each stage of development. As we grow become adults we will experience a variety of psychological changes as we adjust to aging and any changes that will happen to our lifestyle. These changes should not be feared, they simply mark the growth and experience that we will go through. During early and middle adulthood these changes are the most apparent. These changes can affect our relationships, the roles we play, and our later life. The way that people adjust to the changesRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Psychoanalytic and Existential/Humanistic Perspectives4364 Words   |  18 PagesThis essay is about comparing and contrasting two out of the eight personality theories commonly used to decipher one’s personality. Those two are the psychoanalytic perspective and the exist ential/humanistic perspective. Both perspectives are equally important as they play a major role in understanding personality in different ways and explaining them as well. Freud’s psychoanalysis helps us to understand the individual’s personality from its early years right up to adulthood while existential andRead MorePsychology: Psychoanalysis and Humanism1831 Words   |  8 Pagesfeatures yet similar aspects to their teachings. As an example of this, when we first look between psychoanalysis and humanism, we can name the basic and drastic differences between these theories. For starters, the time frame between the development of each spans around fifty years, with Freud growing his idea of psychoanalysis in the 1890’s, and the humanistic view point not coming to the spotlight until the 1950’s. Another obvious difference between these two schools of thought lies within the basisRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture2710 Words   |  11 Pagessomeone inquires about nature versus nurture, this paper will give not one specific answer but a combination of both answers. Human personality is a combination of environment and a biological characteristic that controls precisely where the individual will end up in the developmental spectrum. The experiences that individuals will develop from throughout stages of development, their childhood and into their adulthood, play a great part in t heir conscious and unconscious motives. The experiences also playRead MoreUnit 19 health and social care P1 M11924 Words   |  8 Pages Coping With Change P1- Discuss factors which affect the development of self-esteem M1- Compare two theories of self-esteem which contribute to our understanding of self-concept The NHS define self-esteem as being the opinion each individual has of themselves. NHS, (2015). It is the self-image and self –respect of an individual’s perception of themselves. Roshahl.c, (2008). This assignment is going to discuss the six factors that affect self-esteem. These factors are the growth promoting climate

Learning - Questions - 1852 Words

Chapter 5 Learning 1. Experience causes learning if it results in a a. cognitive understanding of what has changed. b. internal changes in the organism which may or may not be detectable. c. relatively permanent change in behaviour, capability or attitude. d. maturation of the targeted area. The term learning applies to behaviour changes a. that are relatively permanent. b. that result from maturation. c. stemming from fatigue, drugs or illness. d. that are temporary. Which behaviours are considered to be learned? a. Those occurring as a result of maturation b. Those occurring as a result of illness c. Those occurring as a result of experience d. Those occurring as a result of fatigue An important aspect of the definition of learning is†¦show more content†¦d. began to salivate at the sight or smell of food as well as the taste. 9. 10. An involuntary response to a particular stimulus, such as an eye-blink response to a puff of air or salivation to food placed in ones mouth, is called a a. modified behaviour. b. conditioned response. c. vicarious response. d. reflex. 11. In the psychology of learning, any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds is called a. a mark. b. a discriminative event. c. a signal. d. a stimulus. 12. Which of the following is not an example of an unconditioned reflex? a. Johns pupils dilating in response to a bright light b. Mike pulling his hand back quickly after touching a hot stove c. Rick wiping his dirty hands off on his jeans before picking up the mail from the table d. Tonys tears when he is peeling onions 13. Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned reflex? a. Joseph smiling after receiving a high grade on an exam b. Damien cheering his favourite team in the final play-off game c. Amanda saying â€Å"Thank you† to a helpful salescler k in a store d. Bob pulling his hand back after touching a hot stove burner 14. In classical conditioning, the stimulus which elicits a response the first time it is presented to an organism is called the a. generalized stimulus. b. conditioned stimulus. c. unconditioned stimulus. d. neutral stimulus. 2 15. In classical conditioning, if an animal responds to a stimulus theShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Learning And Learning970 Words   |  4 Pagessituation. For instance, in abstract learning, students who have been taught how to solve the addition problems in Math should be able to apply that learning in multiplication problems. The ability to apply previous learning in new situation defines as Transfer of learning. More general definition is â€Å"carrying over knowledge, skills, understandings, attitudes, and habits of thinking from one learning situation to another† (Johri, 2005, p. 145). The Transfer of Learning occurs in different situations;Read MoreQuestions On Teaching And Learning Outcomes Essay901 Words   |  4 Pagesin Form Three and can use the learnt prepositions appropriately. : Section I: Learning Outcomes and Specifications 2.2 Process information by a) Skimming and scanning for specific information and ideas. Level 1 Process text read by: ii. Skimming for gist and stating what text is about. iii. Scanning for details. Section III: Language Content 7. Preposition iii. Preposition of direction (across, towards, along) Learning outcomes : Student will be able to: 1. Process text read by: Specific objectivesRead MoreQuestions On Assessing Student Learning978 Words   |  4 Pageswith a list of questions and a score next to them when we think about assessment. Usually, assessments or tests are viewed as methods to quantify what students have learned so that the values can be recorded in a gradebook, but that is not the only purpose of assessments. In fact, assessments can serve for much more in the learning process if developed properly. As required to pass the edTPA, we are to demonstrate than we can use assessments to plan, instruct, and measure student learning, and in orderRead MoreQuestions On Online Learning Styles813 Words   |  4 Pagescomes to learning styles, what exactly comes to mind? Would it be hands on, auditory, or tactile learning? Those are all similar styles that can be park of online learning or most of all the traditional style of learning. So what would you choose? There are many similarities when it comes to traditional and online learning but it’s important to know there are just as many differences between the two. When it comes to the two learning styles there are always the different distractions, learning methodsRead MoreQuestions On Learning And Lesson Planning1172 Words   |  5 Pagesstyle is old school (laugh) I have to make a considered effort to pull back and let the class be more student led. I like to incorporate the hands-on elements such as audio, kinesthetic, visual aids for my students to differentiate for the different learning styles. 5. How do you manage your classroom? I manage my classroom one of the important things in management is the seating and have a knowledge of your students. Some need to sit in the front and some Establishing rules from day one and havingRead MoreQuestions On Deep Learning Technique Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pages4.3 Deep Learning Technique Machine Learning at its most basic is the practice of using algorithms to parse data, learn from it, and then make a determination or prediction about something in the world. So rather than hand-coding software routines with a specific set of instructions to accomplish a particular task, the machine is â€Å"trained† using large amounts of data and algorithms that give it the ability to learn how to perform the task [12]. Deep learning is another Machine Learning (ML) algorithmRead MoreTest Questions for Learning Outcomes of Draft National Curriculum7494 Words   |  30 Pages5 learning outcomes of Draft National Curriculum; a)1= learner must be able to make informed decisions on , PEC persona health environmental health community health 2= Learner must be able to demonstrate an active commitment to:CSS community rights social responsibilities show sensitivity to diverse cultures belief systems 3= Learner must be able to demonstrate understanding of participate in activities that promote movementRead MoreQuestions On Learning And Learning1291 Words   |  6 PagesKinesthetic Learning Students in many K-12 schools are not learning as much as they should. Teachers are frustrated trying to know how to teach the students or how to keep them interested in class. The average student spends more than seven hours a day, five days a week, thirty-six weeks a year in the classroom. This student will spend more than a thousand hours in school each year; a grand total of at least 16,300 hours will be spent in school from kindergarten to twelfth grade. The question to askRead MoreQuestions On Learning Activities Questions1106 Words   |  5 Pages Assigned Questions: Chapter 2: Learning Activities Question 1 2 1. a. Provide a complete citation for the article (author, year, title, journal). Hopper, J. (2013, June 2). Child abuse statistics, research and resources. Retrieved from http://www.jimhopper.com/abstats/ 1. b. Provide a photocopy of the suggestion for future research (or simply quote the section). Whatever the population and sample, researchers have to ask questions. They can ask questions by interviewing researchRead MoreQuestions On Learning And Teaching1550 Words   |  7 Pages Task #4: Mathematics Learning Teaching Competency 662.1.4: Aligning Learning Activities to National Standards Competency 662.1.5: Standards and Best Practices in Teaching and Learning Competency 662.1.7: Differentiated Instruction Jennifer Moore Western Governor’s University Part A: The â€Å"Equivalent Fractions and Decimals Lesson Plan† is aligned to NCTM’s content and process standards. The content standard that this lesson is addressing is numbers and operations. This

Vaccinations And Its Effects On Children - 1444 Words

Over many years, we have gained more and more knowledge in the medical field. We have learned new information about new diseases, new cures, and new technology that can be used to help our society stay healthy. Vaccinations are one of the ways doctors help prevent people from getting various diseases such as polio and the measles. However, some peoples’ beliefs and religions get in the way of them taking vaccines. Also, some parents believe that vaccinations are linked to autism and refuse to let their children get vaccines. For many years, people have been having controversies over this subject, but I believe that we should require kids to have vaccinations to keep society healthy and stable. First, studies and research have shown that vaccinations are not connected to autism. The only connection between vaccines and autism is age. Parents naturally think vaccinations have something to do with their child developing autism, and they tend to look towards recent events that hap pened in their child’s life as the cause. Vaccines are usually seen as the cause of autism because vaccinations are received at the age when children develop autism, so many parents wrongly connect the two. One of the main reasons parents are scared to give their children vaccinations is because of a false statement made by Dr. Andrew Wakefield. It was about the vaccination given to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR). In 1988, it was falsely stated by Dr. Wakefield in the Lancet that theShow MoreRelatedVaccination Of Vaccinations And Its Effects On Children1546 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent vaccination rates in Queensland and Australia have dropped as parents have become more and more confused as to the real benefits and risks of vaccinations due to a plethora of information and misformation found on the internet. This essay will provide scientific information in support of immunization and include what a vaccination is, benefits of vaccinations, risks of not vaccinati ng, vaccine side effects and common misconceptions regarding vaccinations. Vaccinations have been repeatedlyRead MoreVaccinations And Its Effects On Children990 Words   |  4 PagesVaccinations are a preparation given to patients that provides acquired immunity to a specific disease. They contain either a live, weakened part or an inactive form created from a dead version of the viruses, causing the body to produce antibodies that will attack the virus if the body later comes into contact with the disease. A person can reduce the severity or eliminate the contraction of the disease completely. However, vaccinations have become a controversial topic and parts of the populationRead MoreVaccinations And Its Effects On Children1226 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped and built upon that are convincing me of the importance of the vaccinations. The benefits of vaccinations really were shown when â€Å"The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimated that 732,000 American children were saved from death and 322 million cases of childhood illnesses were prevented betw een 1994 and 2014 due to vaccination† (Huffington). This is proof right in front of our eyes that vaccinations are working for some children. Something that saves 732,000 lives is a very important asset. AlsoRead MoreVaccinations And Its Effects On Children979 Words   |  4 PagesVaccinations are a substance given to patients that provides acquired immunity to a specific disease. They contain either a live weakened part of the virus or an inactive form created from a dead version of the viruses, causing the body to produce antibodies that will attack the virus if the body later comes into contact with the disease. Thus, a person can reduce the severity of the disease or eliminate the contraction of the disease completely. However, vaccinations have become a controversialRead MoreVaccinations And Its Effects On Children1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe Significance of Vaccinations in Our Society Litisha Sibblis Charter Oak State College â€Æ' The Significance of Vaccinations in Our Society It is important to note that not everything in life is certain or safe and effective and this same principle applies to vaccinations. This research will be on vaccines focusing on the benefits and its potentially adverse effects in children. Additionally this research will reveal if vaccines are linked to or are causes of other illnesses. Overall I intendRead MoreVaccinations And Its Effects On Children Essay2266 Words   |  10 Pages10-20-2016 Vaccination Vaccinations have strongly integrated into modern medicine, where several generations have grown up without being exposed to epidemics of many dangerous even deadly diseases. However, during the recent decade an anti-vaccine movement has emerged, powered by individuals claiming the negative effects vaccines are causing children. The two sides of the controversial debate between physicians and parents beliefs regarding the vaccination of children, and the potential effect of theRead MoreVaccination And Its Effects On Children1840 Words   |  8 PagesVaccination is a preparation of antigenic material that can be used to stimulate the development of antibodies and thus confer active immunity against a specific or number of diseases. It is a medical treatment administered to an otherwise healthy individual. Virtually all other invasive medical interventions occur only once someone has called ill. Vaccination, like most medical treatments, can involve some risk. And therefore it should be undertaken only after careful consideration of its risksRead MoreThe Effects Of Vaccination And Its Effects On Children1728 Words   |  7 Pagesvaccinate yourself/ your child has become a very important question to ask yourself. With recent news of vaccinations having a possible link to autism and many other negative side effects, it has become increasingly more important to weigh the risks and the rewards of vaccinations. While this may be a risk, the risk of zero vaccinations worldwide would have an exponentially larger and more negative effect on the majority of the world. Vacinations are the key to achieving longevity in life not only for oneRead MoreChildhood Vaccinations And Its Effects On Children1218 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Vaccinations People in the United States are urged from day one that vaccinations are important for the well being of their children and for everyone that your child may come in contact with. Recently, childhood vaccinations have been stigmatized as a negative process. Parents have become increasingly concerned about the effects and side effects of vaccinations. The problem being, that the infectious diseases that are being prevented for, are being forgotten about. Vaccinations have beenRead MoreThe Effects Of Receiving Vaccinations On Children1619 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversy regarding alleged side effects of receiving vaccinations, with autism being at the forefront of discussion. A study published by Wakefield in 1998 is what sparked the debate; in the study, Wakefield claimed that the onset of autism was directly correlated with a child’s measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination (MMR). Since the study was published, a rather large group of anti-vaccine activists have remained vocal and encouraged others to cease vaccinated their children. Celebrities and media personalities

The Start of the American Revolution Essay - 1480 Words

On April 19, 1775 seven hundred British troops marched to take control and command the American arsenal and to capture Patriot leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock. (History.com. 1996-2013) A man named Paul Revere saw the British and quickly went ahead to warn the Patriots. This gave the Americans the little time they needed to assemble their minutemen; these were men and boys who could be ready at a minutes notice to defend and fight, they were picked because of their strength, wits and reliability. (Independence Hall Association.1995-2013) When the British arrived they were faced with seventy seven minutemen; the British commanded they disperse, they started to move and one single shot was fired from the British (the shot heard around†¦show more content†¦Kennedy was honorably discharged with a medal for â€Å"extremely heroic conduct† and given a purple heart. (John F. Kennedy. 2014) In 1946 Kennedy ran and one a seat in the U.S House of Representatives; after three terms he got irritated with their â€Å"stifling rules and procedures that were preventing him from making an impact on society.† (John F. Kennedy. 2014. Pg. 3, Par. 2) Kennedy wanted to gain a greater influence in the world so he ran and won a seat in the U.S Senate. Kennedy then met Jacqueline; not long later they were married and had three kids. On November 8, 1960 Kennedy beat Nixon for the spot of the 35th president of the United Sates. (John F. Kennedy. 2014) Kennedy’s first great accomplishment as president was the making of the Peace Corps, this program sent Americans overseas to other countries to reach out and spread the idea of peace and friendship. (John F. Kennedy. 2014) Kennedy went on to create a program called the Alliance for Progress; this program was supposed to help Latin America get out of poverty and to escape communism under Fidel Castro, this program failed because the Latin American elites used mostly all of the funds given for projects that made them as individuals rich but did nothing for their people and country as a whole. (John F. Kennedy. 2014) One other great accomplishment was when Kennedy found out that the Soviet Union had sent nuclear missiles toShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The American Revolution718 Words   |  3 Pages The American Revolution took place from 1765 to 1783. There are many well known reasons for the start of the American Revolution like king George III trying to impose tyranny over all the people by heavily taxing the American people and also the problem with trying to control people from the other side of the world. But there is one reason that is often not mentioned, and that is the American Revolution was also fought to preserve slavery. At the time slavery was a normal thing and to thinkRead MoreFrench Revolution: the Solution to Class Inequality1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe French Revolution was one of the most important events that occurred in the history of France. The revolution crumpled the Old Regime and completely transformed the social and political system of France. The people of France sought to establish a more egalitarian society through their newly created Republic. When Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Baron de Montesquieu introduced individual liberty, natural rights and equality the ideas of revolution emerged. AsRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War905 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil war occurred about seventy-eight years after the American Revolution, and has many of the same characteristics of a revolution. In both wars, the American people fought for what they believed in and the way of life that they wished to live. However, the two wars differ from each other, as the soldiers that fought in the Civil War fought a new American Revolution that could have split the new world. The Confederate soldiers in the Civil War fought to keep their way of life withoutRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution880 Words   |  4 Pages The American Revolution is the most important time in all of American history. This brought the birth of a new country and the treasured constitution. In the beginning, colonists were proud to be British. In the years to come, there were small occurrences that bothered the colonists and led to the Revolution. Other countries contributed to the start of a crueller British control. The French and Indian War caused King George III to introduce expensive taxes (Pavao). These taxes came about becauseRead MoreThe Main Reason The American Revolution Was Caused Was1395 Words   |  6 Pages The main reason the American Revolution was caused was because the tax of the colonists by the British, in which led the end of the seven-year war of the French and Indian. This issue was more engaged in the North more than the South because of their politician differences. The people that were business leaders, politicians, etc, did not like the situation that was going on they had their particular economy and political interests in enlightenment just to get people the big massesRead MoreGil Scott Heron Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagesforty years ago, however, rap music focused on an entirely different subject matter. During the 1970s, African Americans sung rap songs to express the need for Black empowerment in society; though their form of singing was not called rapping back then, it was called spoken word poetry, a form of song in which verses of poetry were performed with a fixed beat before an audience. African Americans used this style of singing to express the discontent with the economics and politics during the 1970s. TheRead MoreThe Document Common Sense By Thomas Paine1714 Words   |  7 Pagesform a democratic nation. Some of John Locke’s most common ideas of the human nature were that humans needed independence to thrive, a statement aligning with Paine’s strongly. Common Sense was written when America was on its way to the American Revolution, but what made Paine write this masterpiece? Paine truly believed that in order to get the freedom they wanted, the thirteen colonies need to break off from England completely. Paine applied â€Å"simple common sense† in the pamphlet to show theRead MoreThe American Revolution Revolutionary Revolution1329 Words   |  6 Pagesthe American Revolution was fought over liberty and freedom. It was a movement marked by action which upset the political order of the eighteenth century. However, if all the American Revolution achieved was breaking the yoke of empirical control its lasting importance would have been lost amongst the scores of colonial revolutions that came before it, such as the Dutch’s break from the Spanish or the Corsicans overthrow of the Genoese. Influenced by the period of enlightenment, the American RevolutionRead MoreThe American Revolution: The Beginning of Independence An d Equality1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Revolution (1775-1783) was a war between England and the colonies which were settled earlier by the English. There were many factors and events that led to the American Revolution. The Revolution was mainly an economic rebellion that was fueled by taxation without representation following the French and Indian War. The English Parliament was more often than not considered cruel and unfair by the colonists. With conflicts over trade, taxes and government representation, the colonies wereRead MoreThat Can Be Us By Thomas Friedman And Michael Mandelbaum1561 Words   |  7 PagesMandelbaum discusses the four major challenges that the United States faces, globalization, the IT revolution, chronic deficits, and energy consumption. The authors also give plausible solutions to the problems facing America and stress the point that if something is not done now then the United States will face the consequences. Is the American Century Over? b y Joseph Nye argues that the American century is not over, and gives scenarios of possible consequences for America’s actions. He also gives

The Banking Concept Free Essays

Through Freire†s † The Banking Concept of Education,† we see the effects this concept has on it†s students and also we see the effects that the alternate concept, problem-posing has. The ‘banking† concept allows the students to become vessels of knowledge, not being able to learn at a creative pace. By using communism, seeing through how education is taught in the classroom, it is parallel to Freire†s ‘banking† concept. We will write a custom essay sample on The Banking Concept or any similar topic only for you Order Now We can see that both ideas are similar and both were harmful to the human mind. While ‘banking† poses the threat of creative growth and power, Marxism, which applies Marx†s ideas to learning in a communistic way, it creates the threat of never being able to learn. The banking concept is † a gift bestowed by those who consider themselves knowledgeable upon those who they consider to know nothing† (Freire 213). The goal of the ‘banking† concept is to deposit as much information into the students as possible. This results in disconnected memorization without the real understanding and discouragement of creative thought. They cannot think for themselves. As Marx writes, just as there are two types of learning, ‘banking† and problem-posing, he explains that society is this way also. There is the upper class and subordinate classes. They both struggle for economic and political power and the primary way the upper class keeps its power is through their beliefs and values. They are allowed to think. The subordinate classes believe they are subordinate due to the upper classes prestige and way of thinking. Like Freire†s ‘banking† concept, education is the way to keep students down and this works because the students accept all knowledge from the teacher, just like the dominant class in Marx†s ideology, keeps the subordinate classes submissive. There are also things that make Freire†s ideas of teaching that leave Marx at a disadvantage. This is because most submissive people will eventually fight back to get their ideas heard. So therefore the ‘banking† concept has a flaw in itself. When Marx talks about the subordinate classes believing that they had to live up to the upper class, he forgot to mention that throughout time, an oppressed people will figure out that they deserve better than what they are receiving. Overthrowing a government or standing up to a figure of power allows the submissive to no longer not be able to learn. They learn through facing what they had been crushed by for so long. ‘Banking† will eventually fall to its demise, to its students. This will then pave the way to actually learning something that is useful and can be utilized. ‘Banking† and Marx both do not realize that you cannot keep something hidden out of sight, a people that can learn and live, without having to keep them subservient. How to cite The Banking Concept, Papers

Ethics of Teachers free essay sample

Teachers are ultimately viewed as â€Å"perfect† in the eyes of their students; therefore, their demeanor should exemplify a high standard of ethical reasoning and protocol. Teachers are part of the educational world and should not participate in unethical behaviors which may deter the method of analyzing and reasoning of students. The personality of teachers is crucial when they may impact the future career goals and educational path of their students. Although teachers may not be significantly aware, they are held to high standards by their students and they are extremely important individuals that may impact the foundation of a student’s educational success. The positive behavior that teachers vibe to their students impact their motivational trends which promotes them to excel. However, often times teachers may display negative emotions that may detour a student’s path and leave them feeling unworthy, unappreciated, and the desire to give up on their future goals. Students spend the majority of their life in the classroom, which concludes that the overall organizational culture and ethics that teachers exemplify in the classroom will ultimately affect the mindset of students. The focus of this paper will be to compare and contrast the overall culture in the classroom of students surrounded by positive and negative teachers. I will explicitly outline the factors that will cause a student to excel or fail due to the organizational culture that is embedded within them. I will further conclude the paper by implying that teachers are more important than the subject courses they may teach, but are the educational leaders that have a significant impact on the lives of their students. Introduction: The interaction between teachers and students is critical to produce high-level student learning and achievement. The teaching styles of teachers may be related to moral management; they display respect and fairness in their teaching environment. In relation to Stakeholders, teachers may be viewed as a key stakeholder in the field of education since they are the primary key holders that lay the foundation of the future of the students. In order for teachers to effectively influence their students in positive directions, they will have to demonstrate strong ethical values. Being an individual of high ethical values, two basic questions are involved, â€Å"What is the right thing to do and why should you do the right thing? † (Bowie and Schneider, 2011). Teachers have the moral obligation to maintain their character to a higher standard in the presence of their students. The teacher as a stakeholder is expected to possess the professional knowledge to lead the students in instruction. However, It is challenging for teachers to transform the culture and have a positive view in the eyes of their students without parental support. Parents are the educational stakeholders that provide parental guidance for the students and the support for the teachers Literature Review: The empowerment of teachers will facilitate the empowerment of students† (Short and Greer, 2002). As educators, teachers have to embrace the ethical standards that enjoin virtues of honesty, compassion, and loyalty. â€Å"And, ethical standards include standards relating to rights, such as the right to life, the right to freedom from injury, and the right to privacy. Such standards are adequate standards of ethics because they are supported by consistent and well-f ounded reasons† (Bowie and Schneider, 2011). Teacher have to continuously be involved in the moral beliefs and conducts and strive to ensure that they shape the future of their student’s lives under a solid foundation of ethnicity. Relating to the Domains of Human Activities, teachers may relate to the triads of Moulton’s continuum into the categories of Positive Law (Codified Ethics Regulation), Ethics (implementation of moral values, requiring integrity and practice, and Free Choice (liberty, allowing creativity, self-realization and license). Positive Law would refer to the Code of Ethics have to abide by to ensure equality to their profession of teaching. The professional educator accepts personal responsibility for teaching students character qualities that will help them evaluate the consequences of and accept the responsibility for their actions and choices (Campbell, 2006). † All teachers have a Code of Ethics that they are morally responsible for upholding. The foundation to the success of teachers is their ethical and moral reasoning that is their guide of â€Å"doing what is right† in their classroom and teachers with high integrity respect the values of their Code of Ethics. The National Education Association (NEA) has created a code of ethics for the different needs of the teaching profession, which are: ? Access to varying points of view ?Do not distort subject matter ?Protect students from harm ?Do not embarrass or disparage ?Do not discriminate ?Do not use professional relationship for private advantage ? Do not disclose confidential information Teachers of high integrity, have an intrinsic awareness between ethical and moral principles. They display ethical knowledge which includes a sense of right and wrong, treating others with respect, being objective, patient and compassionate. Embodying ethical knowledge gives the teacher the ability to practice their teaching skills with morals and ethics and not just viewing their job as being teaching only (Campbell, 2006). † A teachers’ rationale to success may be based on the motto of Winston Churchill, â€Å"Mountaintops inspire leaders but valleys mature them† (Pockell and Avila, 2007 ). Teachers should give their students the freedom of choice and self-realization which will promote a sense of unity with the teachers and students. However, with regards to liberty, it should be limited to protect the ethics within the classroom. Ethics in the classroom should be valued to a high standard to maintain the organizational climate in the classroom. â€Å"Each pupil graduating from the elementary, secondary, or higher grades of education should receive personal advice and direction regarding further education or employment (Horne, 1970). † An excellent example of how teachers with high ethical values can impact student achievement is prevalent in a School System where elementary students where behind in their current grade level. The Elementary Alternative Education Program was established to help students become motivated to excel in their educational venue. The program was targeted at students that were two-three years behind in their current grade and was over-aged for their grade level. The teachers that committed to educate the students had a high level of moral and ethical responsibility to motivate their students and transform their students to become students of higher academic success learning. The table below depicts the improvement in academic of students from the 2007 – 2008 school year till the 2010-2011 school year. The data below indicates that the students enrolled in the program with the assistance of their teachers are now on the pathway on Graduation from high school. The students were deemed unreachable to teach due to their classroom behavior and other factors, but with the determination of their teachers they have increased their academic level. The National Bureau of Economic Research has indicated that â€Å"Good Teachers† raise Student Achievement. Although there is no silver bullet that guarantees that every student will be successful, now more than ever research provides guidance about the characteristics of effective schools and effective teachers that, if followed, can help maximize school and ultimately student performance† (Horne, 1970). According to Post, Preston, and Sachs, â€Å"The stakeholders in a corporation are the individuals and constituencies that contribute, either voluntarily or involuntarily, to its wealth-creating capacity and activities, and that are therefore its potential beneficiaries and/or risk bearers. In comparison with this model, teachers are the stakeholders that voluntarily work to improve the success of their students through motivation and determination. However, the primary impact of teachers whether they are successful in improving academic success or not is to educate the students. Every student has the ability to learn, however, they need a teacher that has a passion for teaching to educate the students. In regards to the Stakeholders Analysis, teacher has to identify the needs of their students and execute a plan to approach the problem for face-value. As teachers, it is important to understand that all students are different and they should utilize different methods to attempt to reach their students. The â€Å"big picture† that teachers normally use to motivate them to help their students is the graduation rate. The success of student cannot be done alone. Teachers have to reach out to the parents to unite as one to help the students since their common goal is the success of their students. Often times students are unfortunate to be enrolled in the classroom of a teacher that lacks integrity and the culture of the classroom is detrimental to the learning process. The culture of the classroom is set by the teachers and the students. If the overall organizational culture of the classroom is disorientated, then the students will be ineffective in performing their daily tasks. Teachers must be able to present their material, effectively manage their classrooms, facilitate maximum student involvement, and ultimately, enhance student learning. â€Å"The vision implementation of teachers affects the performance and many attitudes of many of their students. (Kirkpatrick and Locke, 1996). Teachers have to ensure the classroom climate is has a positive effect on the students and that the motivational factors are supportive in the overall success of the students. â€Å"As with many aspects of classroom management, the most important factor in creating a positive classroom environment is the teacher, and this is where the process must start. † The climate in the classroom is of course more than the physical classroom environment. It is a process that builds the psychological framework for all activity that happens in the classroom. The classroom climate is not just about motivation and student well-being, it is a major ingredient of the context for successful learning. Real learning cannot take place in a negative classroom climate. According to the Jones’ Issue Contingent Model, teachers that have negative impact on student achievement fail to utilize ethical reasoning while attempting to teach their students. The failure may arise from attempting to teach all the students in the same process with utilizing Differentiated Instruction to reach all students. If they would have used the Synthesis of Ethical Decision-Making Model, then they would have realized the different stages of Differentiated Instruction and had a positive impact on their students. Teachers that fail to differentiate their teaching is modeling immoral management, meaning they are they are displaying minimal ethical reasoning with the students. As teachers, they have the responsibility to educate the children as a moral obligation to the students, parents, and themselves. By failing to address the needs of the students, they are depicting low moral intensity. Moral intensity of the issue itself does have a significant role and could influence teachers in their ethical decision-making process as their attention to the issue are being directed by the embedded intensity level of the respective issues. â€Å"The primary goal of ethical reasoning is to help individuals act in morally responsible ways (Weiss, 125). † While natural rights are the basis for justice, rights cannot be realized nor does justice become operative without power. The interaction between one’s ethical philosophies can influence the ethical decisions that an individual can make. Teachers are liable to treat each student in their classroom with an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others, which in their case is their education. Teachers have the moral obligation to treat all students in the classroom equally. They have the right to receive an education and the teacher’s highest level of knowledge that may displayed to them. Teachers are faced with many trials and tribulations in the classroom, but they have the moral obligation to provide students with a environment conducive to learning. For students to achieve, it is the responsibility of teachers to provide a classroom culture that will increase a student’s motivational factors. Feedback, where positive or negative can promote student achievement. Teachers are viewed as teachers are more important than the subject courses they may teach, but are the educational leaders that have a significant impact on the lives of their students. Leadership is a reflection on modeled behavior that is learned. Students learn from the teachers and adapt themselves to their leadership demeanor. Leaders within an organization, have vast types of leadership styles. Teachers, however, are viewed as individuals with more personal ethics. Transformational leaders produce students that will be effective leaders and impeccable role models for their fellow peers. They have the ability to empower, coach, and lead their students to success. The theory of transformational leaders is based on the theory of James Burns. The type of leadership style is moral because it increases the humanities of students and their aspirations. True leadership, defined by its ethical core, is transforming for the leader and the follower alike. Transforming leadership transcends other forms of leadership because it is committed to doing the right things as opposed to doing things right (Anderson et al, 2006). Teachers assume the ethical responsibility to transform the culture of their students and are responsibility for the in adverse effects it may have on their students. â€Å"Transforming leadership also assumes that the transformation is mutual and reciprocal in which a follower can assume a leadership role and the leader a follower role. Teachers are more than classroom teachers; they are role models to their students. Students often mimic the behavior of their teachers because they admire their leadership style. Often times teachers that possess high integrity and ethical behavior are called â€Å"mean. † Teachers push their students to work harder than anticipated so they can excel in academic achievement. When students have to work harder than normal, they respect the morals that their teachers require them to uphold. Culture is another factor that is critical in transforming the culture of students. Conclusion: Leadership is a reflection on modeled behavior that is learned. Students learn from the teachers and adapt themselves to their leadership demeanor. The success of students not only start with the parents, but it is the teachers that the parents have entrusted with their children to teach them the skills they will need to become successful professionals once they leave the reins of their teachers. As with many aspects of classroom management, the most important factor in creating a positive classroom environment is the teacher. Real learning cannot take place in a negative classroom climate. The classroom must be conducive and inviting for parents, staff, and most of all children. The relationship between parents and teachers, like every other relationship, depends on trust. Above all, teachers must not compete with parents; what teachers have learned about their students is different from what parents know, primarily because they observe, interact with, and experience the students in group settings. While our observations and experiences are different, they are not necessarily more valid than hose of parents. Teachers, students, and parents are all key stakeholders within the educational organization. The ultimate goal for all stakeholders is to achieve a high school diploma and then proceed to their career goals. â€Å"Teaching is designed to result in action† (Schaefer, 1990). Teachers, student, and parents will â€Å"act† as a unit of one to maintain the culture of the classroom environment to motivate the students to excel at their highest academic level.

The Biological Paradigm-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Explain the Biological Paradigm which is one of the theoretical Models of Mental Illness. Answer: Introduction This paper aims to explain the biological paradigm which is one of the theoretical models of mental illness. The biological paradigm proposes that the abnormal behavior may arise due to the changes in the biological processes. These processes are the brain chemistry disparity, the chaotic growth of the structures of the brain, and heredity. This paradigm holds that the human behavior and personality are related, and they are discussed based on the structures of the brain, tendencies in genetics, and the processes in biochemistry (Nusslock, Young Damme, 2014). Clearly, this paradigm outlines that the biological makeup of a person determines how best the human being is understood. Various scholars within the paradigm make some assumptions that the genes carry the personality traits and the temperament of a human being. The assumptions impacts how human beings respond to the surrounding and also, the interactions with the other persons (Gradin, Prez, MacFarlane, Cavin, Waiter, Engelman n Steele, 2015). The thinkers also assume that the hereditary tendencies have the behavioral disparities which are explained via the changes in some regions such as the neurological functioning and the brain structures. In simple words, the individual attitudes result in the biochemical and genetic makeup of an individual. The scholars reveal that the temperamental dispositions are continuous through the life of an individual. Clearly, the dispositions in the biological paradigm do not have an impact on the individual personality but they impact the relationship between an individual and other things. However, the biological paradigm indicates that an individual draws the traits to the surrounding which reacts accordingly. Low Prevalence Disorder In the case of mental illness, it includes a low prevalence of various disorders. For example, schizophrenia and the other psychoses impact one to two percent of the adults in the population who were not part of the ABS survey conducted in 2007. The low prevalence disorder is not common though the few affected people require services for a long time which causes the Australian government to spend more in the mental health facilities (Wesseloo, Kamperman, Munk-Olsen, Pop, Kushner Bergink, 2015). The low prevalence accounts for around eighty percent of Australian expenditure. Mental illness depends on the duration, intensity, and the degree of the disability caused by the disorder. It is evident that fifty percent of the Australians suffer from the psychotic disorder and Schizophrenia. Mainly, the Schizophrenia and the psychotic disorders impact the individuals who experience anxiety and depression issues (Laurens, Luo, Matheson, Carr, Raudino, Harris Green, 2015). Various studies in dicate that about forty percent prisoners suffer from the psychotic disorder and Schizophrenia. Clearly, the economic costs are high in many nations since they have to cater for the sick individuals. The graph below shows the prevalence of the Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders in Australia based on different ages. The low prevalence disorders lack efficient ways of screening. However, screening of the low prevalence disorders will depend on the instruments which can help in differentiating the sick individuals from those who are not sick. The low prevalence disorders have low predetermined values which may change only if there is high specificity. Therefore, the biological paradigm helps to determine the availability of the low prevalence disorder. At the same time, the biological paradigm proposes the intervention for the disorder. It also determines the behaviors for the disordered. Co-morbidity Co-morbid mental health/AOD issuesrefer to the co-occurrence of a single or several diseases within a person. Also, it is referred to as the co-occurrence of disorders due to drug use, or Schizophrenia. Therefore, for this paper, Co-morbidity will be discussed in a broad way under the biological paradigm in the consideration of mental illness and drug abuse in various ways. For individuals with low prevalence disorders, for instance, Schizophrenia, they experience various challenges which impact even their families. Basing on the biological paradigm, the illnesses co-occur with personalities, drug abuse, affective, and anxiety (Singer, Szalai, Briest, Brown, Dietz, Einenkel Lbner, 2013). The co-morbidities are widespread and they have significant implications on the public health and to the society and people. Co-morbidity occurs in a different pattern which is viewed by the specialists in mental health. Based on the biological paradigm, the mental health disorders occur due to seve ral reasons as outlined in this paper. First, the arbitrary division of illnesses such as anxiety may cause co-morbidity. Other types of drugs may impact mental illness such as the psychotics, hence increasing the risks associated with the use of substance disorders. Co-morbidity matters since it is more of a rule and it cannot be ignored when discussing the mental disorders (Kwako, Schwandt, Sells, Ramchandani, Hommer, George Heilig, 2015). Also, the characteristics of an illness under study can be mistaken if the co-morbidity is ignored. Co-morbidity assists in understanding the co-occurrence hence respective protection is provided. For instance, the biological paradigm outlines that self-medication with drugs and alcohol for issues like affective and the anxiety disorders can be identified through co-morbidity. Individuals suffering from co-morbidity do not respond well to the treatment and hence the condition may worsen with time. It is evident that the treatment for issues suc h as Schizophrenia does not respond effectively. Therefore, co-morbidity correlates with the biological paradigm and hence it is an important issue to be discussed in this paper. Interventions The unusual behavior reflects the biological mechanism as suggested by the biological paradigm, especially within the brain. The biological paradigm aims to change the brain psychology. This is because drugs change the synaptic level of the neurotransmitter. Also, surgery is conducted to eliminate the brain tissues. The seizures are induced to change the functioning of the brain such as the ECT (Alden, Cucurull-Sanchez, Larminie, Coles, Kullberg, Evans Timmis, 2017). Scholars propose that the biological paradigm give an opportunity for research, a teaching framework, and a design for action in the world of health care. It outlines the experiments in the animal study, the function of the past, early, and modern life experiences to change the perception of various diseases in the presence of predisposition in genetics. This model outlines the family system called the FSGI which deals with the genetic diseases (Lett, Voineskos, Kennedy, Levine Daskalakis, 2014). It helps to solve the psychological problems of the genetic conditions for the families and sick persons. It also offers a biological framework for clinical research as well as practice. The knowledge in families about the risk of the disorders may help in minimizing the risks. The biological processes may be incorporated to prevent the lags in the research behind the technological advances to help individuals the neurobiological substrate (Butcher, Mineka Hooley, 2013). The decisions made on how and whether to add the variables in biology in the research for interventions is determined by the biological vulnerabilities and the risk factors. The evidence-based interventions are also employed in the treatment for the mental illness. They include the dialectical behavior therapy which aims to minimize the tendencies which are not effective based on the clarifications of significant genetic elements. Recovery Based on the biological paradigm, recovery is defined as the individual journey where hope, security, copings, supportive relationship, as well as meaning, are developed. Therefore, it involves the growth of purpose and meaning within an individual from the impacts of the mental disorders. The recovery elements discussed are connectedness, hope, and identity (Bird, 2015). To start with connectedness, it involves where other people believe in the recovery of other persons. Therefore, the professionals in mental health may help to foster hope as well as the relationships established between the family members and friends. Hope is the individual willingness to persevere challenges (Dopke Batscha, 2014). Through identity in recovery, individuals accept themselves and also acquire a sense of belonging. They withstand feelings of anger and loss. Scholars propose that the biological paradigm helps in recovery since it helps individuals manage depression within the brain. Through the biolog ical paradigm, Schizophrenia is connected to genes such as the brain abnormalities which are considered in recovery. It holds that the human activities are triggered by the activities of the brain. This is because every action intended by an individual comes from the brain. Therefore, the elements of recovery originate from the brain. Conclusion In conclusion, this paper reviews the biological paradigm and explains the low prevalence disorder, the co-morbidity in mental health, interventions, and recovery. In the case of the low prevalence disorder, Schizophrenia and the psychotic disorders are considered. The biological paradigm outlines that the abnormal behavior occurs due to various reasons. For instance, if the receptors are less in the postsynaptic neuron membrane the abnormal behavior may occur. In addition, if there are many neurotransmitters which cause changes in the transmitter's re-uptake. Co-morbid mental health/AOD issues are discussed in this paper whichrefers to the co-occurrence of a single or several diseases within a person. Based on the biological paradigm, co-morbidity is viewed as the illnesses co-occur with personalities, drug abuse, affective, and anxiety. At the same time, the interventions are discussed where the biological mechanism and processes in the treatment of mental illness are outlined (Rin gen, Engh, Birkenaes, Dieset Andreassen, 2014). Biological approaches have been applied for the treatment of mental treatment. Clearly, the interventions have an impact on the brain physiology. The biological paradigm suggests through recovery, individuals manage depression within the brain. This is because all the elements of recovery such as connectedness, hope, and meaning originate from the brain. References Alden, K. J., Cucurull-Sanchez, L., Larminie, C., Coles, M. C., Kullberg, M. C., Evans, S. K., Timmis, J. I. (2017). ASPASIA: A toolkit for evaluating the effects of biological interventions on SBML model behavior.PLoS Computational Biology. Bird, V. (2015).Supporting the recovery of black individuals who use community mental health services(Doctoral dissertation, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience). Butcher, J. 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