The Biological Paradigm-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Explain the Biological Paradigm which is one of the theoretical Models of Mental Illness. Answer: Introduction This paper aims to explain the biological paradigm which is one of the theoretical models of mental illness. The biological paradigm proposes that the abnormal behavior may arise due to the changes in the biological processes. These processes are the brain chemistry disparity, the chaotic growth of the structures of the brain, and heredity. This paradigm holds that the human behavior and personality are related, and they are discussed based on the structures of the brain, tendencies in genetics, and the processes in biochemistry (Nusslock, Young Damme, 2014). Clearly, this paradigm outlines that the biological makeup of a person determines how best the human being is understood. Various scholars within the paradigm make some assumptions that the genes carry the personality traits and the temperament of a human being. The assumptions impacts how human beings respond to the surrounding and also, the interactions with the other persons (Gradin, Prez, MacFarlane, Cavin, Waiter, Engelman n Steele, 2015). The thinkers also assume that the hereditary tendencies have the behavioral disparities which are explained via the changes in some regions such as the neurological functioning and the brain structures. In simple words, the individual attitudes result in the biochemical and genetic makeup of an individual. The scholars reveal that the temperamental dispositions are continuous through the life of an individual. Clearly, the dispositions in the biological paradigm do not have an impact on the individual personality but they impact the relationship between an individual and other things. However, the biological paradigm indicates that an individual draws the traits to the surrounding which reacts accordingly. Low Prevalence Disorder In the case of mental illness, it includes a low prevalence of various disorders. For example, schizophrenia and the other psychoses impact one to two percent of the adults in the population who were not part of the ABS survey conducted in 2007. The low prevalence disorder is not common though the few affected people require services for a long time which causes the Australian government to spend more in the mental health facilities (Wesseloo, Kamperman, Munk-Olsen, Pop, Kushner Bergink, 2015). The low prevalence accounts for around eighty percent of Australian expenditure. Mental illness depends on the duration, intensity, and the degree of the disability caused by the disorder. It is evident that fifty percent of the Australians suffer from the psychotic disorder and Schizophrenia. Mainly, the Schizophrenia and the psychotic disorders impact the individuals who experience anxiety and depression issues (Laurens, Luo, Matheson, Carr, Raudino, Harris Green, 2015). Various studies in dicate that about forty percent prisoners suffer from the psychotic disorder and Schizophrenia. Clearly, the economic costs are high in many nations since they have to cater for the sick individuals. The graph below shows the prevalence of the Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders in Australia based on different ages. The low prevalence disorders lack efficient ways of screening. However, screening of the low prevalence disorders will depend on the instruments which can help in differentiating the sick individuals from those who are not sick. The low prevalence disorders have low predetermined values which may change only if there is high specificity. Therefore, the biological paradigm helps to determine the availability of the low prevalence disorder. At the same time, the biological paradigm proposes the intervention for the disorder. It also determines the behaviors for the disordered. Co-morbidity Co-morbid mental health/AOD issuesrefer to the co-occurrence of a single or several diseases within a person. Also, it is referred to as the co-occurrence of disorders due to drug use, or Schizophrenia. Therefore, for this paper, Co-morbidity will be discussed in a broad way under the biological paradigm in the consideration of mental illness and drug abuse in various ways. For individuals with low prevalence disorders, for instance, Schizophrenia, they experience various challenges which impact even their families. Basing on the biological paradigm, the illnesses co-occur with personalities, drug abuse, affective, and anxiety (Singer, Szalai, Briest, Brown, Dietz, Einenkel Lbner, 2013). The co-morbidities are widespread and they have significant implications on the public health and to the society and people. Co-morbidity occurs in a different pattern which is viewed by the specialists in mental health. Based on the biological paradigm, the mental health disorders occur due to seve ral reasons as outlined in this paper. First, the arbitrary division of illnesses such as anxiety may cause co-morbidity. Other types of drugs may impact mental illness such as the psychotics, hence increasing the risks associated with the use of substance disorders. Co-morbidity matters since it is more of a rule and it cannot be ignored when discussing the mental disorders (Kwako, Schwandt, Sells, Ramchandani, Hommer, George Heilig, 2015). Also, the characteristics of an illness under study can be mistaken if the co-morbidity is ignored. Co-morbidity assists in understanding the co-occurrence hence respective protection is provided. For instance, the biological paradigm outlines that self-medication with drugs and alcohol for issues like affective and the anxiety disorders can be identified through co-morbidity. Individuals suffering from co-morbidity do not respond well to the treatment and hence the condition may worsen with time. It is evident that the treatment for issues suc h as Schizophrenia does not respond effectively. Therefore, co-morbidity correlates with the biological paradigm and hence it is an important issue to be discussed in this paper. Interventions The unusual behavior reflects the biological mechanism as suggested by the biological paradigm, especially within the brain. The biological paradigm aims to change the brain psychology. This is because drugs change the synaptic level of the neurotransmitter. Also, surgery is conducted to eliminate the brain tissues. The seizures are induced to change the functioning of the brain such as the ECT (Alden, Cucurull-Sanchez, Larminie, Coles, Kullberg, Evans Timmis, 2017). Scholars propose that the biological paradigm give an opportunity for research, a teaching framework, and a design for action in the world of health care. It outlines the experiments in the animal study, the function of the past, early, and modern life experiences to change the perception of various diseases in the presence of predisposition in genetics. This model outlines the family system called the FSGI which deals with the genetic diseases (Lett, Voineskos, Kennedy, Levine Daskalakis, 2014). It helps to solve the psychological problems of the genetic conditions for the families and sick persons. It also offers a biological framework for clinical research as well as practice. The knowledge in families about the risk of the disorders may help in minimizing the risks. The biological processes may be incorporated to prevent the lags in the research behind the technological advances to help individuals the neurobiological substrate (Butcher, Mineka Hooley, 2013). The decisions made on how and whether to add the variables in biology in the research for interventions is determined by the biological vulnerabilities and the risk factors. The evidence-based interventions are also employed in the treatment for the mental illness. They include the dialectical behavior therapy which aims to minimize the tendencies which are not effective based on the clarifications of significant genetic elements. Recovery Based on the biological paradigm, recovery is defined as the individual journey where hope, security, copings, supportive relationship, as well as meaning, are developed. Therefore, it involves the growth of purpose and meaning within an individual from the impacts of the mental disorders. The recovery elements discussed are connectedness, hope, and identity (Bird, 2015). To start with connectedness, it involves where other people believe in the recovery of other persons. Therefore, the professionals in mental health may help to foster hope as well as the relationships established between the family members and friends. Hope is the individual willingness to persevere challenges (Dopke Batscha, 2014). Through identity in recovery, individuals accept themselves and also acquire a sense of belonging. They withstand feelings of anger and loss. Scholars propose that the biological paradigm helps in recovery since it helps individuals manage depression within the brain. Through the biolog ical paradigm, Schizophrenia is connected to genes such as the brain abnormalities which are considered in recovery. It holds that the human activities are triggered by the activities of the brain. This is because every action intended by an individual comes from the brain. Therefore, the elements of recovery originate from the brain. Conclusion In conclusion, this paper reviews the biological paradigm and explains the low prevalence disorder, the co-morbidity in mental health, interventions, and recovery. In the case of the low prevalence disorder, Schizophrenia and the psychotic disorders are considered. The biological paradigm outlines that the abnormal behavior occurs due to various reasons. For instance, if the receptors are less in the postsynaptic neuron membrane the abnormal behavior may occur. In addition, if there are many neurotransmitters which cause changes in the transmitter's re-uptake. Co-morbid mental health/AOD issues are discussed in this paper whichrefers to the co-occurrence of a single or several diseases within a person. Based on the biological paradigm, co-morbidity is viewed as the illnesses co-occur with personalities, drug abuse, affective, and anxiety. At the same time, the interventions are discussed where the biological mechanism and processes in the treatment of mental illness are outlined (Rin gen, Engh, Birkenaes, Dieset Andreassen, 2014). Biological approaches have been applied for the treatment of mental treatment. Clearly, the interventions have an impact on the brain physiology. The biological paradigm suggests through recovery, individuals manage depression within the brain. This is because all the elements of recovery such as connectedness, hope, and meaning originate from the brain. References Alden, K. J., Cucurull-Sanchez, L., Larminie, C., Coles, M. C., Kullberg, M. C., Evans, S. K., Timmis, J. I. (2017). ASPASIA: A toolkit for evaluating the effects of biological interventions on SBML model behavior.PLoS Computational Biology. Bird, V. (2015).Supporting the recovery of black individuals who use community mental health services(Doctoral dissertation, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience). Butcher, J. 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